SSC CHSL 2026 Notification Soon: Check 3000 + Vacancies, Age Limit & Selection Process| Active & Passive Rules for Competitive Exams
SSC CHSL Notification Out Soon
Here is what you need to keep a close eye on as the official PDF goes live:
📅 Expected Timeline (SSC CHSL 2026)
Notification & Registration Starts: Late June 2026
Application Window: June – July 2026
Tier-1 Exam (CBT): Anticipated between July and September 2026
📋 Overview & Eligibility
Posts:
Lower Division Clerk (LDC), Junior Secretariat Assistant (JSA), and Data Entry Operator (DEO).
Educational Qualification: Must have passed Class 12 (10+2) or equivalent from a recognized board.
Age Limit: 18 to 27 years (with standard category-wise age relaxations applicable as per government norms).
💡 Quick Prep Check
Since Tier-1 is fast approaching, keeping your fundamentals sharp across the core sections is key:
English Language: Focus closely on high-yield areas like Active/Passive conversions, Direct/Indirect speech,
error spotting, cloze tests, and idioms.
General Intelligence & Reasoning
Quantitative Aptitude
General Awareness
Make sure your One-Time Registration (OTR) profile on the new official website (ssc.gov.in) is completely updated so you can submit your application smoothly the moment the link becomes active.
SSC CHSL 2026 Notification Expected in June: 3000+ Vacancies, Eligibility & Exam Date
The vacancy and dates mentioned above are based on available information and previous trends. Candidates should visit the official SSC website for the latest trend.
Important Dates for SSC CHSL Candidates:
Event Expected Date
Notification Release June 2026
Application Start June 2026
Last Date to Apply To be Announced
Tier 1 Exam Expected
Aug–Sep 2026
Here is a complete, structural breakdown of the SSC CHSL exam pattern and the syllabus weightage. The structure is dual-layered, meaning your Tier-1 preparation builds the foundational
core, while Tier-2 introduces advanced components like Computer Proficiency and mathematical updates (such as Statistics and Probability).
🏛️ Stage 1: Tier-1 Exam Pattern (Qualifying)
Tier-1 is an online, objective-type Computer-Based Test (CBT). It functions as a screening
round—your scores are essential to qualify for Stage 2, but they do not count toward the
final merit list.
Section 1
English Language (Basic Knowledge)
- Questions: 25
- Max Marks: 50
- Composite 60 minutes total
- (80 mins for scribe candidates)
Section 2
General Intelligence & Reasoning
- Questions: 25
- Max Marks; 50
Section 3
Quantitative Aptitude (Basic Arithmetic Skills)
- Questions: 25
- Max Marks:50
Section 4
General Awareness
- Questions:25
- Max Marks:50
Total: 4 Subjects (100/200)
⚠️ Marking Protocol:
- Every correct answer reward you +2 marks.
- Every incorrect response carries a hefty penalty of 0.50 marks.
- Accuracy here is critical.
🏆 Stage 2: Tier-2 Exam Pattern (Merit-Deciding)
Tier-2 is conducted in a single day across two distinct sessions. This is the stage that determines your final post allocation. It features objective-type questions weighted at 3 marks each, with a -1 mark penalty for wrong answers.
Session I
(2 Hours 15 Minutes)
Section 1
(1 Hour):
- Module I: Mathematical Abilities (30 Questions / 90 Marks)
- Module II: Reasoning & General Intelligence (30 Questions / 90 Marks)
Section 2
(1 Hour):
- Module I: English Language & Comprehension (40 Questions / 120 Marks)
- Module II: General Awareness (20 Questions / 60 Marks)
Section 3
(15 Minutes):
- Module I: Computer Knowledge
- Test (15 Questions / 45 Marks)
- Qualifying in nature but mandatory.
Session II (Skill Test / Typing Test)
- Part A: Skill Test for Data Entry Operators (DEOs) — 15 Minutes
- Part B: Typing Test for Lower Division Clerks (LDC) / Junior Secretariat
Assistants (JSA) — 10 Minutes (Target: 35 wpm in English or 30 wpm in Hindi).
📊 Core Syllabus & High-Yield Weightage
Understanding where the bulk of the questions originate will help you allocate your daily study hours efficiently.
1. English Language & Comprehension
This section carries absolute dominance in Tier-2 (accounting for 120 marks). The focus is divided across three pillars:
Grammar Mechanics (High Weightage):
Active/Passive Voice, Direct/Indirect Speech (Narration), Error Spotting, and Sentence Improvement.
Vocabulary: Synonyms & Antonyms, One-Word Substitutions, Idioms & Phrases, and Spellings.
Comprehension: Cloze Test (highly frequent) and Reading Passages.
2. Quantitative Aptitude
While Tier-1 tests core fundamentals, Tier-2 expects deep mastery of both arithmetic and advanced tiers.
Arithmetic Core: Percentages, Ratio & Proportion, Profit & Loss, Simple & Compound Interest, Time & Work, Time, Speed & Distance.
Advanced Level: Basic Algebraic Identities, Geometry (Triangles, Circles, and Congruence), Mensuration (Surface areas and volumes), and Trigonometry.
High-Yield Additions: Statistics & Probability (Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, and basic probability calculations), which are heavily emphasized in Tier-2.
3. Reasoning & General Intelligence
Verbal: Analogies, Classification, Coding-Decoding, Blood Relations, Syllogisms, and Puzzles.
Non-Verbal: Matrix, Paper Folding, Mirror Images, Embedded Figures, and Pattern Completion.
4. General Awareness
Static GK: Indian History, Geography, Polity & Constitution, Economics, and General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology).
Dynamic GK: Current Affairs (focusing on national/international events, sports, awards, major appointments, and government schemes from the last 6–8 months).
Mastering active/passive voice and direct/indirect speech (narration) is one of the most reliable ways to secure high marks in the SSC English section. These topics are strictly rule-based, meaning that once you internalize the structural transformation formulas, you can achieve 100% accuracy without any guesswork.
As you do not have much time before the exam, make a proper study plan and revise the syllabus thoroughly before taking mock tests. Here are some important topics for competitive exams. Revise them carefully, and if you have any doubts, consult your mentor.
SSC Mock Test
Vocabulary Booster for SSC Candidates
Grammar Notes for All Competitive Exams
In this blog, we will cover the topic active and passive voice
Active & Passive Voice Important for Competitive Exams
What is voice in Grammar?
Voice in English Grammar describes whether a subject of the verb performs an action or
receives the action.
Types of Voice in English Grammar
There are two types of voice in English Grammar:
- Active Voice
- Passive Voice
Here is a targeted blueprint and structural breakdown to help you master these transformations.
📐 Rule Checklist 1: Active vs. Passive Voice
The golden rule of voice transformation is simple:
The tense of the sentence never changes, but the structural focus shifts
from the doer (subject)
to the receiver (object).
Active Voice
The contractor signs a deal with a Japanese company.
🔹 Now let's change it into Passive Voice
Passive Voice
A deal is signed by the contractor with a Japanese company.
🔍 Step-by-step explanation
Active sentence parts:
- Subject: The contractor
- Verb: signs (simple present)
- Object: a deal
- Prepositional phrase: with a Japanese company
Passive conversion:
- Object (a deal) → becomes subject
- signs (V¹+s) → is signed (is + V³)
- Subject (the contractor) → by the contractor
Other parts remain unchanged
🔹 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + V¹ / V¹+s + Object
⬇
Object + is / am / are + V³ + by + subject
🔹 Tense Rule (Simple Present)
- signs → is signed
- Singular subject (a deal) → is
🔹 Important Rule (Prepositional phrase)
👉 Phrases like with a company / in Delhi / on Monday
✔ remain unchanged in passive voice.
Active Voice
My mother taught me grammar.
🔍 Identify sentence parts
- Subject: My mother
- Verb: taught (V² – simple past)
- Indirect Object: me
- Direct Object: grammar
👉 Verb teach takes two objects, so two passive forms are possible.
✅ Passive Voice – Form 1 (Indirect object as subject)
I was taught grammar by my mother.
✔ Explanation:
- me → I (object → subject)
- taught → was taught (simple past passive)
- my mother → by my mother
✅ Passive Voice – Form 2 (Direct object as subject)
Grammar was taught to me by my mother.
🔹 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + verb + object
⬇
Object + helping verb (as per tense) + past participle (V³) + by + subject
Trick to change into Passive Voice (Interrogative Sentence)
Tense Conversion Matrix
When analyzing options during the exam, eliminate choices immediately if they break these auxiliary verb structures:
Simple Present: Writes / Write (Is / Am / Are + Written)
To change a sentence from active voice to passive voice in the simple present tense, you need to follow a few grammatical rules. The active voice follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure, while the passive voice shifts the focus to the object. Here’s how you can make this transformation:
1. Identify the Subject, Verb, and Object:
In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb on the object. For example,
in the sentence “The chef prepares the meal,” “the chef” is the subject, “prepares” is the verb,
and “the meal” is the object.
2. Move the Object to the Subject Position:
In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject.
So, the object “the meal” becomes the subject of the new sentence.
3. Use the Appropriate Form of “To Be”:
In passive sentences, the verb “to be” is used in the same tense as the original verb. For simple
present tense, this means using “is” or “are.” In our example, since “meal” is singular, we use “is.”
4. Use the Past Participle of the Main Verb:
The main verb in the sentence should be changed to its past participle form. So, “prepares” becomes “prepared.”
5. Include the Original Subject (Optional):
You can include the original subject at the end of the sentence preceded by “by.” In our example, it becomes: “The meal is prepared by the chef.”
Example Transformations:
Active: “The teacher explains the lesson.”
Passive: “The lesson is explained by the teacher.”
Active: “The students read the books.”
Passive: “The books are read by the students.”
Active: “The gardener waters the plants.”
Passive: “The plants are watered by the gardener.”
Active: “The teacher explains the lesson.”
Passive: “The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Active: The chef cooks the meal.
Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.
Active: The teacher explains the lesson.
Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Active: The cat chases the mouse.
Passive: The mouse is chased by the cat.
Active: The manager approves the request.
Passive: The request is approved by the manager.
Active: The artist paints a portrait.
Passive: A portrait is painted by the artist.
Active: The engineer designs the bridge.
Passive: The bridge is designed by the engineer.
Active Voice
She reads Ramayana every day.
🔍 Identify the parts
- Subject: She
- Verb: reads (simple present tense)
- Object: Ramayana
- Adverb: every day
👉 Only one object, so only one passive form.
✅ Passive Voice
Ramayana is read by her every day.
🔹 Step-by-step change
- Ramayana (object) → subject
- reads (simple present) → is read
- she → by her
- every day → remains same
🔹 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + V¹ / V² + Object
⬇
Object + is / am / are / was / were + V³ + by + subject
🔹 Tense Rule (Simple Present)
- V¹ / V¹+s → is / am / are + V³
- Singular object → is
- Plural object → are
🔹 Important Rule (Proper Noun as Object)
Even if the object is a book / holy text / proper noun,
it can be changed into passive.
✔ Ramayana → is read
Grammatical Rules of Simple Present Tense.
Examples of transforming active voice sentences into passive voice for negative, imperative, and interrogative forms in the simple present tense. Each example is followed by an explanation of the grammatical rules.
Negative Sentences
Active Voice:
1. "She does not eat the apple."
Passive Voice:
1. "The apple is not eaten by her."
Explanation:
In the negative form of the simple present tense, the active voice uses "does not" (or "do not" for plural subjects) with the base form of the verb. In the passive voice, the structure becomes: subject + is/are/am + not + past participle + by + agent.
Imperative Sentences
Active Voice:
2. "Do not close the door."
Passive Voice:
2. "Let the door not be closed."
Explanation:
Imperative sentences in active voice often use the base verb with "do not" for negation.
In passive voice, start with "Let" followed by the object, "not," "be," and then the past participle.
🔥 Quick Memory Trick (SSC Exam)
👉 Interrogative = Question stays question
👉 Imperative = “LET + object + BE + V³”
🔹 2. Imperative Sentences (Order, Request, Advice)
✅ Rule:
Use: 👉 Let + object + be + V³
🔸 Types with Examples:
1. Order / Command
Active: Open the door.
Passive:👉 Let the door be opened.
2. Request (use please)
Active: Please help me.
Passive: 👉 Let me be helped.
3. Advice / Suggestion
Active: Respect your elders.
Passive: 👉 Let your elders be respected.
4. Negative Imperative
Active: Do not waste time.
Passive: 👉 Let time not be wasted.
Interrogative Sentences
Active Voice:
3. "Does he write the report?"
Passive Voice:
3. "Is the report written by him?"
Explanation:
Interrogative sentences in active voice generally start with "Do/Does" followed by the subject and
base verb. In passive voice, begin with "Is/Are/Am," followed by the object, the past participle, and then "by" the agent.
Additional Examples
Active Voice: "They do not play the piano."
Passive Voice: "The piano is not played by them."
Active Voice: "Do you make the bed?"
Passive Voice: "Is the bed made by you?"
Active Voice: "Do not disturb the meeting."
Passive Voice: "Let the meeting not be disturbed."
General Explanation of Grammatical Rules
The simple present tense is used to describe habitual actions, universal truths, or general facts.
Negative Form: In active voice, it involves placing "do not" or "does not" before the base verb
("do not" for plural subjects and "does not" for singular third-person subjects). In passive voice,
it involves "is/are/am not" + past participle.
Interrogative Form: In active voice, questions are formed by placing "do" or "does" before the subject. In passive voice, questions begin with "is," "are," or "am."
Imperative Form: In active voice, commands are given directly using the base verb, with "do not" for negation. In passive voice, start with "Let" to imply permission or instruction, followed by the object, "not," "be," and then the past participle.
These transformations maintain the original meaning while altering the focus from the doer to the receiver of the action.
The simple present tense is primarily used to express habitual actions, universal truths, or general statements of fact. In the passive voice, the emphasis shifts from the doer to the action or the receiver of the action.
These transformations help emphasize the action or the object of the action rather than the subject performing it.
Present Continuous: Is / Am / Are + Writing | Is / Am / Are + Being+ Written
Let's explore how to change active voice sentences to passive voice in the present continuous tense, along with explanations on grammatical rules for negative, interrogative, and imperative forms.
Affirmative Sentences
1. Active: The chef is preparing the meal.
Passive: The meal is being prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In the present continuous tense, the structure "is/are/am + verb-ing" is used. In passive voice, it becomes "is/are/am being + past participle."
Negative Sentences
2. Active: The students are not completing the assignment.
Passive: The assignment is not being completed by the students.
Explanation: For negative sentences in the present continuous tense, add "not" after the auxiliary verb. In passive, maintain the structure "is/are/am not being + past participle."
Interrogative Sentences
3. Active: Is the teacher explaining the lesson?
Passive: Is the lesson being explained by the teacher?
Explanation: In interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verb "is/are/am" comes first. In passive voice, follow "is/are/am" with "being + past participle."
🔹 1. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)
✅ Rule:
Keep the question form (helping verb comes first)
- Object → Subject
- Use “by + subject”
Structure:
👉 Helping Verb + Object + be + V³ + by + Subject?
🔸 Examples:
1. Active: Do you like mangoes?
Passive: 👉 Are mangoes liked by you?
2. Active: Did she complete the work?
Passive: 👉 Was the work completed by her?
3. Active: Is he writing a letter?
Passive: 👉 Is a letter being written by him?
4. Active: Have they finished the project?
Passive: 👉 Has the project been finished by them?
⚠️ Special Case (Who → By whom)
Active: Who wrote this book?
Passive: 👉 By whom was this book written?
Imperative Sentences
4. Active: Please finish the report.
Passive: Let the report be finished.
Explanation: Imperative sentences often use "let" in passive voice, followed by the object and
"be + past participle."
Additional Examples
5. Active: The gardener is not watering the plants.
Passive: The plants are not being watered by the gardener.
Explanation: Similar to previous negative examples, ensure "not" is after the auxiliary, and use "being + past participle."
6. Active: Are they painting the house?
Passive: Is the house being painted by them?
Explanation: Keep the interrogative structure by beginning with the auxiliary verb, and then use "being + past participle."
Grammatical Rules for Present Continuous Tense
Negative: Formed by adding "not" after the auxiliary verbs "is/are/am" (e.g., "She is not running").
Interrogative: Begin with "is/are/am" followed by the subject and verb-ing (e.g., "Are you reading?").
Imperative: Typically, doesn't use present continuous; passive uses "let" (e.g., "Let the work be done").
Understanding these rules helps in constructing sentences that effectively convey actions in ongoing or present states, emphasizing either the action itself or the object receiving the action.
Present Perfect:
Active: Has / Have + Written
Passive: Has / Have + Been + Written
Let's explore how to transform sentences from active to passive voice across different types
of sentences and then discuss the grammatical rules of the present perfect tense for negative, interrogative, and imperative forms.
Affirmative Sentences
1. Active: The chef has prepared the meal.
Passive: The meal has been prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In the passive voice, the object of the active voice ("the meal") becomes the subject.
The verb "has prepared" is changed to "has been prepared," and the original subject ("the chef") becomes the agent introduced by "by."
Negative Sentences
2. Active: The manager has not approved the proposal.
Passive: The proposal has not been approved by the manager.
Explanation: In the passive form, "has not approved" remains negative as "has not been approved," maintaining the negative auxiliary "not." The object "the proposal" becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
Imperative Sentences
3. Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often use "let" followed by the object ("the door") and the verb in the past participle form ("be closed").
Interrogative Sentences
4. Active: Has she completed the report?
Passive: Has the report been completed by her?
Explanation: In interrogative passive sentences, the structure begins with the auxiliary verb ("Has"), followed by the new subject ("the report"), and then the past participle form ("been completed"), with the original subject ("by her") at the end.
Present Perfect Tense (Negative)
Rule:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle + (object).
Example: She has not finished her homework.
Explanation: The negative form of the present perfect tense includes "has not" or "have not"
before the past participle to indicate that an action has not been completed.
Present Perfect Tense (Interrogative)
Rule:
Have/has + subject + past participle + (object)?
Example: Have they visited the museum?
Explanation: An interrogative sentence in the present perfect tense places the auxiliary verb
("have" or "has") at the beginning, followed by the subject and the past participle, forming a
question about whether an action has been completed.
Present Perfect Tense (Imperative)
Note: The present perfect tense does not typically apply to imperative sentences, as imperatives are commands or requests, not statements of completed actions.
By understanding these transformations and grammatical rules, you can effectively convert sentences between active and passive voices and utilize the present perfect tense in various contexts.
Simple Past:
Active: Wrote
Passive: Was / Were + Written
Affirmative Sentences
1. Active Voice: The chef prepared the meal.
Passive Voice: The meal was prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence ("the meal") becomes the
subject. The verb "prepared" is changed to its past participle form "prepared," and the auxiliary
verb "was" is used to indicate the past tense.
Let's take another example to clarify:
Active Voice
He forwarded an email to his boss.
🔍 Identify the parts
- Subject: He
- Verb: forwarded (simple past)
- Object: an email
- Prepositional phrase: to his boss
👉 Only one object, so only one passive form.
✅ Passive Voice
An email was forwarded to his boss by him.
🔹 Step-by-step change
- an email (object) → subject
- forwarded (V²) → was forwarded (was + V³)
- he → by him
- to his boss → remains unchanged
🔹 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + V² + Object
⬇
Object + was / were + V³ + by + subject
⬇
Object + was / were + V³ + by + subject
🔹 Tense Rule (Simple Past)
- forwarded → was forwarded
- Singular subject → was
Negative Sentences
2. Active Voice: The team did not complete the project.
Passive Voice: The project was not completed by the team.
Explanation: For negative sentences in the passive voice, the auxiliary verb "was" is followed by "not" to maintain the negation. The main verb "complete" changes to "completed" (past participle).
Interrogative Sentences
3. Active Voice: Did the artist paint the portrait?
Passive Voice: Was the portrait painted by the artist?
Explanation: In passive interrogative sentences, start with the auxiliary verb "was," followed by the subject ("the portrait") and past participle of the main verb ("painted"). The phrase "by the artist" indicates the doer of the action.
Imperative Sentences
4. Active Voice: Close the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often use the structure
"Let + object + be + past participle."
The directive remains, but the focus shifts from the doer to the action itself.
Affirmative Sentences
5. Active Voice: The writer penned the novel.
Passive Voice: The novel was penned by the writer.
Explanation: Similar to the first example, the object "the novel" becomes the subject, and "was penned" shows the action was completed in the past.
Negative Imperative Sentences
6. Active Voice: Do not disturb the guests.
Passive Voice: Let the guests not be disturbed.
Explanation: For negative imperative sentences in passive voice, use
"Let + object + not + be + past participle."
This maintains the prohibition while making the action passive.
Grammatical Rules for Simple Past Tense
Negative Form: Use "did not" followed by the base form of the verb. Example: "She did not go."
Interrogative Form: Start with "Did," followed by the subject and the base form of the main verb. Example: "Did she go?"
Imperative Form: Generally, does not change in tense; to form a passive imperative, use "Let" plus the object and "be" with the past participle. Example: "Let the book be read."
Sentence (Active Voice)
Rahul gave me a table lamp on my birthday.
Identify the parts
- Subject: Rahul
- Verb: gave (simple past)
- Indirect Object: me
- Direct Object: a table lamp
👉 This sentence has two objects, so it can be changed into two passive forms.
✅ Passive Voice – Form 1 (Indirect object as subject)
I was given a table lamp by Rahul on my birthday.
✔ Why this is correct:
- me → I (object → subject)
- gave → was given
- Rahul → by Rahul
✅ Passive Voice – Form 2 (Direct object as subject)
A table lamp was given to me by Rahul on my birthday.
🔹 General Rule (Active → Passive)
Structure
Subject + verb + object
⬇
Object + helping verb (according to tense) + past participle (V³) + by + subject
Past Continuous:
- Active: Was / Were + Writing
- Passive: Was / Were + Being+ Written
let's explore how to convert sentences from active to passive voice and understand the grammatical rules of the past continuous tense.
Active to Passive Voice Examples:
1. Affirmative:
Active Voice: The chef was preparing the meal.
Passive Voice: The meal was being prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence ("the meal") becomes the subject. The past continuous form "was preparing" changes to "was being prepared," where "being" acts as a helper to maintain the continuous aspect.
2. Negative:
Active Voice: The team was not completing the project.
Passive Voice: The project was not being completed by the team.
Explanation: For negative sentences, "not" is placed after the auxiliary verb "was" or "were." In the passive form, the structure remains similar, incorporating "being" to express the continuous aspect.
3. Imperative:
Active Voice: Please close the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in active voice often begin with a verb. In passive voice, they typically start with "Let," followed by the object and the past participle of the verb.
4. Interrogative:
Active Voice: Was the teacher explaining the lesson?
Passive Voice: Was the lesson being explained by the teacher?
Explanation: In questions, the auxiliary verb precedes the subject. In passive voice, the structure remains similar, but "being" is introduced to maintain the continuous aspect, and the subject-object positions are swapped.
Grammatical Rules of Past Continuous Tense:
Structure: Subject + was/were + verb (ing) + object.
Negative: Add "not" after "was" or "were" (e.g., "She was not singing").
Interrogative: Place "was" or "were" before the subject (e.g., "Was she singing?").
Imperative: Imperative sentences do not typically use continuous tenses directly, as they are commands.
Past Perfect:
Active: Had + Written
Passive: Had + Been + Written
Let's explore how to change sentences from active to passive voice, followed by an explanation of the past perfect tense in its various forms.
Active to Passive Voice Examples
1. Affirmative Sentence
Active: The chef had prepared the meal.
Passive: The meal had been prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In passive voice, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The past participle of the main verb is used along with a form of "to be" (in this case, "had been").
2. Negative Sentence
Active: The team had not completed the project.
Passive: The project had not been completed by the team.
Explanation: For negative sentences, the word "not" is placed between "had" and "been" in the passive voice. The structure remains the same: object + "had not been" + past participle + by + agent.
3. Imperative Sentence
Active: Finish the report.
Passive: Let the report be finished.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often use the structure "Let + object + be + past participle." This construction helps maintain the directive tone of the imperative.
4. Interrogative Sentence
Active: Had the students completed the homework?
Passive: Had the homework been completed by the students?
Explanation: In interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verb ("had") comes before the subject (which is the object in the active voice), followed by "been" and the past participle.
Grammatical Rules of Past Perfect Tense
Negative Form
Structure:
Subject + had not + past participle
Example: She had not seen the movie.
Explanation: The past perfect negative is formed by adding "not" after "had," followed by the past participle of the verb. It indicates that an action was not completed before another past action.
Interrogative Form
Structure:
Had + subject + past participle?
Example: Had they arrived before the meeting started?
Explanation: In the interrogative form, "had" precedes the subject, and the past participle follows. This form is used to inquire whether an action was completed prior to another past action.
Imperative Form (Note: Past perfect does not have an imperative form)
Explanation: The imperative mood is used for commands or requests, and it does not typically use the past perfect tense, as imperative actions are directed rather than described as completed in the past. Thus, past perfect would not apply directly to imperative structures.
By understanding these transformations and grammatical rules, one can effectively use both active and passive voices while appreciating the nuances of the past perfect tense.
Simple Future:
Active: Will / Shall + Write
Passive: Will / Shall + Be + Written
Simple Future Tense: Active to Passive Voice
Affirmative Sentence
Active Voice: The chef will prepare the meal.
Passive Voice: The meal will be prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In the simple future tense, the active voice structure is “subject + will + base verb + object.” To form the passive voice, rearrange it to “object + will + be + past participle + by + subject.”
Negative Sentence
Active Voice: The manager will not approve the proposal.
Passive Voice: The proposal will not be approved by the manager.
Explanation: In negative sentences, the structure is “subject + will not + base verb + object.” For passive voice, it becomes “object + will not + be + past participle + by + subject.”
Interrogative Sentence
Active Voice: Will the team complete the project?
Passive Voice: Will the project be completed by the team?
Explanation: The interrogative form in active voice is “will + subject + base verb + object?” In passive voice, it changes to “will + object + be + past participle + by + subject?”
Imperative Sentence
Active Voice: Please submit the report.
Passive Voice: Let the report be submitted.
Explanation: Imperative sentences often imply a command or request. In passive voice, use “let + object + be + past participle” to preserve the imperative sense.
Grammatical Rules of Simple Future Tense (Negative, Interrogative, Imperative)
1. Negative: Formed by placing “not” after “will.” The structure is “subject + will not + base verb.”
2. Interrogative: Start with “will,” followed by the subject and base verb. The structure is “will + subject + base verb + object?”
3. Imperative: Typically uses the base verb for commands or requests. In passive voice, add “let + object + be + past participle” to convey the command.
Additional Examples
Affirmative Active: They will launch the new product.
Affirmative Passive: The new product will be launched by them.
Explanation: Convert “they” to “the new product,” add “will be,” and change “launch” to “launched.”
Negative Active: She will not forget the appointment.
Negative Passive: The appointment will not be forgotten by her.
Explanation: Begin with “the appointment,” add “will not be,” and change “forget” to “forgotten.”
Interrogative Active: Will you attend the meeting?
Interrogative Passive: Will the meeting be attended by you?
Explanation: Start with “will,” follow with “the meeting,” add “be attended,” and conclude with “by you.”
Imperative Active: Close the door.
Imperative Passive: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: In passive, use “let,” followed by “the door,” add “be,” and change “close” to “closed.”
Future Perfect Tense:
Let's explore how to convert sentences from active to passive voice across different sentence types, while also delving into the future perfect tense.
Active to Passive Voice Examples
Affirmative Sentence
Active: "The team will have completed the project."
Passive: "The project will have been completed by the team."
Explanation: In the passive voice, the object of the active sentence ("the project") becomes the subject. The auxiliary verbs "will have" are followed by "been," and the past participle of the verb ("completed") is used. The original subject ("the team") is introduced with "by."
Negative Sentence
Active: "The committee will not have approved the proposal."
Passive: "The proposal will not have been approved by the committee."
Explanation: Similar to the affirmative structure, the object ("the proposal") becomes the subject. "Will not have" is followed by "been," and the past participle ("approved") is used. The original subject ("the committee") is preceded by "by."
Imperative Sentence
Active: "Please finish the report by tomorrow."
Passive: "Let the report be finished by tomorrow."
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often begin with "let," followed by the object, "be," and the past participle of the verb. The subject is typically omitted, as imperative sentences are commands or requests.
Interrogative Sentence
Active: "Will the manager have signed the contract?"
Passive: "Will the contract have been signed by the manager?"
Explanation: In passive interrogative sentences, the auxiliary verbs ("will," "have") precede the subject ("the contract"), followed by "been" and the past participle ("signed"). The original subject ("the manager") is introduced with "by."
Grammatical Rules of Future Perfect Tense to be Followed by SSC CGL Aspirants
The future perfect tense is used to describe actions that will be completed before a specified point in the future.
Negative Future Perfect
Structure: Subject + will not have + past participle.
Example: "She will not have finished the book by then."
Explanation: The negative form is constructed by inserting "not" between "will" and "have," followed by the past participle of the verb.
Interrogative Future Perfect
Structure: Will + subject + have + past participle?
Example: "Will you have completed the task by Friday?"
Explanation: The interrogative form begins with "will," followed by the subject and "have,"
ending with the past participle of the verb. This structure is used to ask questions about actions
to be completed in the future.
Imperative in Future Perfect
The future perfect tense doesn't typically use the imperative form, as imperatives are commands
related to present or immediate future actions. Therefore, it isn't applicable in the context of future perfect tense. Instead, imperatives are often rephrased in other tenses or structures for clarity or politeness.
By understanding these structures, you can effectively shift between active and passive voices and employ the future perfect tense with precision.
Modals: (Can, May, Must)
- Must + Write
- Must + Be + Written
Let’s look at how to change active voice to passive voice for different types of sentences, and then explore the grammatical rules of modals like "can," "may," and "must."
Active to Passive Voice Examples:
1. Affirmative Sentence:
Active: The chef cooks the meal.
Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.
Explanation: In passive voice, the object of the active sentence ("the meal") becomes the subject.
The verb "cooks" is converted to its past participle form "cooked," and a form of "to be" is added.
2. Negative Sentence:
Active: The manager does not approve the report.
Passive: The report is not approved by the manager.
Explanation: In passive voice, the subject ("the report") takes the position of the object.
The auxiliary "does not" is replaced with "is not" plus the past participle "approved."
3. Imperative Sentence:
Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Explanation: Imperative sentences in passive voice often use "Let" plus the object ("the door"), followed by "be" and the past participle ("closed").
4. Interrogative Sentence:
Active: Did the teacher explain the lesson?
Passive: Was the lesson explained by the teacher?
Explanation: In passive interrogatives, the sentence begins with the appropriate form of "to be" ("Was"), followed by the subject ("the lesson") and the past participle ("explained").
Modals: Can, May, Must
1. Can (Negative):
Active: She cannot solve the problem.
Passive: The problem cannot be solved by her.
Explanation: In negative sentences with "can," the structure remains similar, using "cannot" and the base form "be" followed by the past participle ("solved").
2. May (Interrogative):
Active: May I use your phone?
Passive: May your phone be used by me?
Explanation: In interrogative sentences with "may," the structure involves placing "may" at the beginning, followed by the object ("your phone"), "be," and the past participle ("used").
3. Must (Imperative):
Active: You must finish the assignment.
Passive: The assignment must be finished by you.
Explanation: With "must," the passive structure uses "must be" followed by the past participle ("finished").
In each case, the passive voice shifts the focus from the doer of the action to the receiver of the action, maintaining the sentence's meaning but altering its structure. The use of modals in passive voice similarly involves the modal itself, the verb "be," and the past participle.
Active Voice
He should forward an email to his boss.
🔍 Identify the parts
- Subject: He
- Modal verb: should
- Main verb: forward (V¹)
- Object: an email
- Prepositional phrase: to his boss
👉 Only one object, so one passive form.
✅ Passive Voice
An email should be forwarded to his boss by him.
🔹 Step-by-step change
- an email → subject
- should forward → should be forwarded
- he → by him
- to his boss → remains unchanged
🔹 General Rule (Modal Verb → Passive)
Structure
Subject + modal (should / can / may / must) + V¹ + Object
⬇
Object + modal + be + V³ + by + subject
🔹 Grammar Rule (Modal Verbs)
After a modal verb, we always use: be + past participle (V³) in passive voice.
⚠️ The No-Go Tenses: Future Continuous (will be writing) and all three Perfect Continuous tenses (has been writing, had been writing, will have been writing) do not have standard passive forms in SSC questions. If you see them in the options, cross them off immediately.
Mini Practice Test for SSC Aspirants
Exercise to crack the competition:
Active & Passive Voice: Questions & Explanations
Question 1
Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) The chef prepares the meal.
B) The meal is prepared by the chef.
C) The chef is preparing the meal.
D) The meal will be prepared by the chef.
Answer: B) The meal is prepared by the chef.
Explanation: In passive voice, the object of an action becomes the subject of the sentence.
"The meal is prepared by the chef" emphasizes the meal (the object) rather than the chef (the doer).
Question 2
Convert to passive voice: "The cat chased the mouse."
A) The mouse was chased by the cat.
B) The mouse is chased by the cat.
C) The mouse will be chased by the cat.
D) The mouse has been chased by the cat.
Answer: A) The mouse was chased by the cat.
Explanation: The original sentence is in simple past tense. When converting to passive voice, the object "mouse" becomes the subject, and "was chased" is the correct past passive form.
Question 3
Which sentence is in active voice?
A) The project will be completed by the team.
B) The team will complete the project.
C) The project is being completed by the team.
D) The project was completed by the team.
Answer: B) The team will complete the project.
Explanation: In active voice, the subject performs the action. Here, "the team" is the subject that performs the action of completing the project.
Question 4
Convert to active voice: "The song was sung by the choir."
A) The choir sings the song.
B) The choir had sung the song.
C) The choir sung the song.
D) The choir sang the song.
Answer: D) The choir sang the song.
Explanation: The original passive sentence is in simple past tense. Converting to active voice, "the choir" becomes the subject performing the action, and "sang" is the correct past tense verb.
Question 5
Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) The book was written by the author.
B) The author writes the book.
C) The author is writing the book.
D) The author will write the book.
Answer:A) The book was written by the author.
Explanation: In passive sentences, the focus is on the action and object. Here, "the book" (object) is emphasized, and "was written" is the past passive form.
Question 6
Convert to passive voice: "The gardener waters the plants."
A) The plants are watered by the gardener.
B) The plants were watered by the gardener.
C) The plants will be watered by the gardener.
D) The plants have been watered by the gardener.
Answer: A) The plants are watered by the gardener.
Explanation: The original sentence is in simple present tense. In passive form, "the plants" become the subject, and "are watered" is the present passive form.
Question 7
Which sentence is in active voice?
A) The room was cleaned by the janitor.
B) The janitor will clean the room.
C) The room is being cleaned by the janitor.
D) The room has been cleaned by the janitor.
Answer: B) The janitor will clean the room.
Explanation: In active voice, the subject performs the action. Here, "the janitor" is the subject that will perform the action of cleaning.
Question 8
Convert to active voice: "The homework was completed by the student."
A) The student completes the homework.
B) The student is completing the homework.
C) The student completed the homework.
D) The student was completing the homework.
Answer: C) The student completed the homework.
Explanation: The original passive sentence is in simple past tense. Converting to active voice, "the student" becomes the subject, and "completed" is the correct past tense verb.
Question 9
Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) The artist painted the mural.
B) The mural was painted by the artist.
C) The artist is painting the mural.
D) The artist has painted the mural.
Answer: B) The mural was painted by the artist.
Explanation: Passive sentences focus on the action and object. "The mural" (object) is emphasized, and "was painted" is the past passive form.
Question 10
Convert to passive voice: "The teacher explains the lesson."
A) The lesson is explained by the teacher.
B) The lesson was explained by the teacher.
C) The lesson will be explained by the teacher.
D) The lesson has been explained by the teacher.
Answer: A) The lesson is explained by the teacher.
Explanation: The original sentence is in simple present tense. In passive form, "the lesson" becomes the subject, and "is explained" is the present passive form.
Question 11
Which sentence is in active voice?
A) The concert was attended by many fans.
B) Many fans attended the concert.
C) The concert is being attended by many fans.
D) The concert has been attended by many fans.
Answer: B) Many fans attended the concert.
Explanation: In active voice, the subject performs the action. Here, "many fans" is the subject that performed the action of attending.
Question 12
Convert to active voice: "The report is being written by the analyst."
A) The analyst writes the report.
B) The analyst wrote the report.
C) The analyst is writing the report.
D) The analyst has written the report.
Answer: C) The analyst is writing the report.
Explanation: The original passive sentence is in present continuous tense. Converting to active voice, "the analyst" becomes the subject, and "is writing" is the correct present continuous form.
Question 13
Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) The engineer designs the software.
B) The software is designed by the engineer.
C) The engineer is designing the software.
D) The engineer has designed the software.
Answer: B) The software is designed by the engineer.
Explanation: In passive sentences, the action and object are emphasized. "The software" (object) is the subject, and "is designed" is the present passive form.
Question 14
Convert to passive voice: "The company will launch the product."
A) The product is launched by the company.
B) The product was launched by the company.
C) The product will be launched by the company.
D) The product has been launched by the company.
Answer: C) The product will be launched by the company.
Explanation: The original sentence is in simple future tense. In passive form, "the product" becomes the subject, and "will be launched" is the future passive form.
Question 15
Which sentence is in active voice?
A) The cake was baked by my mother.
B) My mother bakes the cake.
C) The cake is being baked by my mother.
D) The cake has been baked by my mother.
Answer: B) My mother bakes the cake.
Explanation: In active voice, the subject performs the action. Here, "my mother" is the subject that performs the action of baking.
Question 16
Convert to active voice: "The letter has been written by Sarah."
A) Sarah writes the letter.
B) Sarah wrote the letter.
C) Sarah has written the letter.
D) Sarah is writing the letter.
Answer: C) Sarah has written the letter.
Explanation: The original passive sentence is in present perfect tense. Converting to active voice, "Sarah" becomes the subject, and "has written" is the correct perfect tense form.
Question 17
Identify the passive voice sentence:
A) The story was told by the grandmother.
B) The grandmother tells the story.
C) The grandmother is telling the story.
D) The grandmother will tell the story.
Answer: A) The story was told by the grandmother.
Explanation: Passive sentences emphasize the object and action. "The story" (object) is the subject, and "was told" is the past passive form.
Question 18
Convert to passive voice: "The manager reviews the applications."
A) The applications are reviewed by the manager.
B) The applications were reviewed by the manager.
C) The applications will be reviewed by the manager.
D) The applications have been reviewed by the manager.
Answer: A) The applications are reviewed by the manager.
Explanation: The original sentence is in simple present tense. In passive form, "the applications" become the subject, and "are reviewed" is the present passive form.
Question 19
Which sentence is in active voice?
A) The match was won by the team.
B) The team wins the match.
C) The match is being won by the team.
D) The match has been won by the team.
Answer: B) The team wins the match.
Explanation: In active voice, the subject performs the action. Here, "the team" is the subject that performs the action of winning.
Question 20
Convert to active voice: "The house is cleaned by the maid every day."
A) The maid cleans the house every day.
B) The maid cleaned the house every day.
C) The maid is cleaning the house every day.
D) The maid has cleaned the house every day.
Answer: A) The maid cleans the house every day.
Explanation: The original passive sentence is in simple present tense. Converting to active voice, "the maid" becomes the subject, and "cleans" is the correct present tense verb.
Frequently Asked Questions About SSC CHSL Latest Notification Soon:
When will SSC CHSL 2026 notification be released?
The exact release date for the SSC CHSL 2026 notification has not been announced yet. Typically, the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) releases the notification for the Combined Higher Secondary Level (CHSL) examination a year in advance or earlier. Based on previous patterns, you can expect the notification to be released sometime in late 2025. However, it is always best to regularly check the official SSC website or trusted educational portals for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
What is the age limit for SSC CHSL 2026?
As of my last update, the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) has not released specific details about
the age limit for the Combined Higher Secondary Level (CHSL) exam in 2026. However, traditionally, the age limit for SSC CHSL has been set between 18 and 27 years, with certain relaxations for reserved categories as per Indian government regulations. It's important to check the official SSC notifications or their website for the most current and accurate information regarding the 2026 exam, as eligibility criteria can change.
Is SSC CHSL conducted every year?
Yes, the Staff Selection Commission Combined Higher Secondary Level (SSC CHSL) examination is conducted every year. It is an annual recruitment exam organized by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) to select candidates for various posts in government departments and offices, such as Lower Divisional Clerks, Data Entry Operators, Postal Assistants, and Sorting Assistants. The exam usually takes place in multiple stages, including a computer-based test, a descriptive paper, and a skill test or typing test, depending on the specific post. The annual nature of the exam provides aspiring candidates with regular opportunities to apply and secure a position in government services.
How many vacancies are expected?
As of now, specific vacancy numbers for the SSC CHSL 2026 examination have not been released. The Staff Selection Commission (SSC) typically announces vacancies closer to the exam date, based on the requirements of various government departments and ministries. For the most accurate and updated information, keep an eye on the official SSC website and notifications. Historically, the number of vacancies can vary significantly from year to year, so monitoring these updates will provide the most reliable information.
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